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  • 81 ÞYNGJA

    (-da, -dr), v. to weigh down, make heavy; impers., sóttinni þyngir, the illness grows worse; þyngir e-m, one grows worse (from illness); one grows heavy from sleep;
    refl., þyngjast, to grow heavy, adverse (tekr nú bardaginn at þyngja); e-m þyngist = e-m þyngir (þá tók honum at þyngjast).
    * * *
    ð and d, [þungr, Dan. tynge], to weigh down, burden, make heavy, Hom. 53; mun mér eigi þ. þetta erviði, it will not encumber me, Eluc. 3; augu þeirra þyngðusk (pass.) af tárum, 623. 60.
    2. impers. he grows heavy, with dat. of manner; en sóttinni þyngði ( the illness grew worse) eigi því síðr, ok andaðisk hann, Fms. x. 73; þá þyngdi honum mjök (it grew very heavy with him, i. e. he grew heavy from sleep), ok lagðisk hann niðr ok svaf, v. 222; þyngja tekr máli ok minni, Skáld H. 5. 16.
    II. reflex., tekr nú bardaginn at þyngjask, to grow heavy, adverse. Fas. i. 105; honum tók þá at þyngjask ( he sank) sem á leið daginn, Fms. viii. 445.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > ÞYNGJA

  • 82 HEFJA

    enter on/upon
    * * *
    (hef; hóf, hófum; hafiðr and hafinn), v.
    1) to heave, raise, lift (hefja stein);
    hann hóf upp augu sin, he lifted up his eyes;
    hefja sik á lopt, to make a leap;
    hefja handa, to lift the hands (for defense);
    hefja höfuðs, to lift the head, be undaunted;
    hefja graut, to lift the porridge, eat it with a spoon;
    2) to exalt, raise in rank;
    hefja e-n til ríkis, to raise one to the throne;
    hefja mál sitt, to begin one’s speech;
    hefja ferð, to set out on a journey, to start;
    hefja flokk, to raise a party;
    hefja ákall, to raise a claim;
    impers., hefr e-t = hefr upp e-t, it begins (hér hefr Kristnisögu);
    refl., hefjast, to begin, originate (hvaðan af hefir hafizt skáldrskarpr?);
    4) impers. to be carried, drifted (by storm or tide);
    höf skipin öll saman (all the ships were drifted) inn at landinu;
    þeir létu hefja skipin ofan forstreymis, they let the ships drift down the stream;
    5) with preps.:
    hefja e-t af e-u, to take it off;
    impers., en er af henni hóf öngvit (acc.), when she recovered from her swoon;
    þá hóf af mér vámur allar, all ailments left me;
    refl., hefjast af höndum e-m, to leave one;
    hefja á rás, to take to one’s feet (= hafa á rás);
    refl., láta hefjast fyrir, to retreat, withdraw;
    hefja munn sinn í sundr, to open one’s mouth;
    impers., Birkibeina (acc.) hefr undan, the B. drew back;
    hefja e-t upp, to lift up (hann hóf orminn upp á hendi sér);
    impers., hóf honum upp brýn (acc.), his face brightened;
    hefja e-t upp, to begin (= hefja 3);
    Egill hóf upp kvæðit, E. began his poem;
    impers., hér hefr upp Konunga-bók, here begins the K.;
    refl., hefjast upp, to begin (hér hefjast upp landnám);
    hefjast upp til ófriðar (með ófriði), to begin warfare;
    láta hefjast við, to lay to (naut.).
    * * *
    pret. hóf, pl. hófu; part. hafinn, but also hafiðr (weak); pres. indic. hef; pret. subj. hæfi, with neg. suff. hóf-at, Korm.; [Ulf. hafjan; A. S. hebban; Engl. heave, pret. hove; O. H. G. hafan; Germ. heben; Dan. hæve; Swed. häfva; cp. Lat. capere, in-cipere.]
    A. To heave, lift, raise; hefja stein, to lift a stone, Eg. 142; ok munu nú ekki meira hefja fjórir menn, 140; (hón) hóf hann at lopti, hove him aloft, Ýt. 9; hefja e-n til himins, Edda 61 (in a verse); hóf hann sér af herðum hver, Hym. 36; þá er hefja af hvera (mod. taka ofan pott, to take the pot off), Gm. 42; hóf sér á höfuð upp hver Sifjar verr, Hým. 34; hón hófat augu af mér, she took not her eyes off me, Korm. 16; hann hóf upp augu sín, he lifted up his eyes, 623. 20; hefja sik á lopt, to make a leap, Nj. 144.
    2. phrases, hefja handa, to lift the hands (for defence), Nj. 65, Ld. 262; h. höfuðs, to lift the head, stand upright, be undaunted; sá er nú hefir eigi höfuðs, Nj. 213: h. sinn munn í sundr, to open one’s mouth, Sturl. iii. 189: hefja graut, skyr, etc., to lift the porridge, curds, etc., eat food with a spoon, Fms. vi. 364; Rindill hóf (Ed. hafði wrongly) skyr ok mataðisk skjótt, Lv. 63.
    3. hefja út, to lift out a body, carry it from the house (út-hafning), Eg. 24; er mik út hefja, Am. 100; var konungr hafiðr dauðr ór hvílunni, Hkr. iii. 146. The ceremony of carrying the corpse out of the house is in Icel. still performed with solemnity, and followed by hymns, usually verses 9 sqq. of the 25th hymn of the Passíu-Sálmar; it is regarded as a farewell to the home in which a person has lived and worked; and is a custom lost in the remotest heathen age; cp. the Scot. to lift.
    β. hefja (barn) ór heiðnum dómi, to lift ( a bairn) out of heathendom, is an old eccl. term for to be sponsor (mod. halda undir skírn), Sighvat (in a verse); N. G. L. i. 350 records three kinds of sponsorship—halda barni undir primsignan, önnur at hefja barn ór heiðnum dómi, þriðja at halda á barni er biskup fermir: to baptize, skal þat barn til kirkju færa ok hefja ór heiðnum dómi, 12; barn hvert er borit verðr eptir nótt ina helgu, þá skal haft vera ( baptized) at Páskum, id.
    4. to exalt, Ad. 20, cp. with Yngl. S. ch. 10; hóf hann Jóseph til sæmðar, Sks. 454; hafðr til ríkis, 458; upp hafðr, 451; önd hennar var upp höfð yfir öll engla fylki, Hom. 129; hann mektaðisk mjök ok hóf sik of hátt af þeim auðæfum, Stj. 154; at hann hæfi upp ( exaltaret) Guðs orð með tungunni, Skálda 208; konungr hóf hann til mestu metorða, 625. 31: er hans ríki hóf, 28.
    II. impers.,
    1. to be heaved, hurled, drifted, by storm, tide, or the like; þá hóf upp knörr (acc.) undir Eyjafjöllum, a ship was upheaved by the gale, Bs. i. 30; hóf öll skipin (acc. the ship drifted) saman inn at landinu, Hkr. i. 206; þetta hóf ( drifted) fyrir straumi, iii. 94; þeir létu hefja ofan skipin forstreymis, let the ship drift before the stream, Fms. vii. 253; Birkibeina hefr undan, the B. went back, ix. 528.
    2. medic., en er af henni hóf öngvit (acc. when she awoke, of one in a swoon), Bjarn. 68; þá hóf af mér vámur allar (acc. all ailments left me), svá at ek kenni mér nú hvergi íllt, Sturl. ii. 54; ek sé at þú ert fölr mjök, ok má vera, at af þér hafi, I see thou art very pale, but may be it will pass off, Finnb. 236; hóf honum heldr upp brún (acc. his face brightened), Eg. 55.
    III. reflex. to raise oneself, to rise; hefjask til ófriðar, to raise war, rebel, Eg. 264.
    β. to be raised; hefjask til ríkis, to be raised to the throne, Fms. i. 99; hefjask hátt, to be exalted, Fs. 13; hann hafði hafisk af sjálfum sér, he had risen by himself, Eg. 23; féll Hákon en hófsk upp Magnúss konungr, Sturl. i. 114; Þórðr hófsk ( rose) af þessu, Landn. 305, Hom. 152.
    2. phrases, hefjask við, to lay to, a naut. term; lét þá jarl hefjask við ok beið svá sinna manna, Fms. viii. 82; hefjask undan, to retire, draw back, Sd. 144: in the phrase, hefjask af höndum e-m, to leave one; hefsk nú aldregi af höndum þeim, give them no rest, Fms. xi. 59.
    3. part., réttnefjaðr ok hafit upp í framanvert, Nj. 29.
    B. Metaph. to raise, begin, Lat. incipere:
    1. to raise; hefja flokk, to raise a party, a rebellion, Fms. viii. 273; h. rannsókn, to raise an enquiry, Grág. ii. 193; h. ákall, to raise a claim, Eg. 39; h. brigð, to make a reclamation, Gþl. 295.
    2. to begin; hefja teiti, Fms. vii. 119; h. gildi, Sturl. i. 20; h. Jóla-hald, to begin ( keep) Yule, Fms. i. 31; h. boðskap, ii. 44: of a book, þar hefjum vér sögu af hinum helga Jóni biskupi, Bs. i. 151; h. mál, to begin one’s speech, Ld. 2; h. ferð, to start, Fb. ii. 38; h. orrustu.
    β. with prep. upp, (hence upp-haf, beginning); hóf Helgi upp mál sitt, Boll. 350; Egill hóf upp kvæðit, E. began his poem, 427; hann heyrði messu upp hafna, Fms. v. 225; hefja upp sálm, to begin a hymn, 623. 35; Flosi hóf upp suðrgöngu sína, F. started on his pilgrimage, Nj. 281; h. upp göngu sína, to start, Rb. 116.
    γ. hefja á rás, to take to one’s feet; síðan hefr hann á rás ok rann til bæjarins, Eg. 237; hinir Gautsku höfðu (thus weak vide hafa C. 2) á rás undan, Fms. iv. 120.
    δ. absol., hann hóf svá, he began thus, Fms. i. 33; þar hef ek upp, vii. 146; þar skal hefja upp við arftöku-mann, start from the a., Grág. i. 62.
    II. impers. to begin; hér hefr Þingfara-bólk (acc.), Gþl. 5; hér hefr upp Kristindóms-bólk, 39, 75, 378; hér hefr Landnáma-bók, Landn. 24; hér hefr upp landnám í Vestfirðinga fjórðungi, 64, 168 (v. l.), 237 (v. l.); hér hefr Kristni-Sögu, Bs. i. 3; nú hefr þat hversu Kristni kom á Ísland, id.; hér hefr sögu af Hrafni á Hrafnsevri, 639; hér hefr upp ok segir frá þeim tíðindum, er …, Fms. viii. 5; áðr en hefi sjálfa bókina, Gþl.; hér hefr sögu Gísla Súrs-sonar, Gísl. (begin.), v. l.: with upp, ok upp hefr Skáldskapar-mál ok Kenningar, Edda (Arna-Magn.) ii. 427; hér hefr upp Konunga-bók og hefr fyrst um þriðjunga-skipti heimsins, Hkr. Cod. Fris. 3; hann kom til Túnsbergs er upp hóf Adventus Domini, Fms. ix. 338.
    III. reflex. to begin; þar hefsk saga Harðar, Landn. 62; hvaðan hefir hafizk sú íþrótt, whence originates that art? Edda 47; hér hefjask upp landnám, Landn. 275; hófsk ríki Haralds konungs, king H.’s reign began, Ld. 2; áðr Rómverja-ríki hófsk, Rb. 402; hófusk (höfðusk, Ed. wrongly) þá enn orrostur af nýju, Fms. xi. 184; hvernig hafizk hefir þessi úhæfa, Al. 125; nú hefsk önnur tungl-öldin, Rb. 34; þá hefsk vetr, 70–78, 436.

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  • 83 KASTA

    * * *
    (að), v.
    1) to cast, throw, with dat. (Egill kastaði þegar niðr horninu);
    kasta akkerum, to cast anchor;
    kasta verplum, teningum, to throw with dice;
    kasta orðum á e-n, to address one;
    refl., kastast orðum á, to exchange words;
    kasta kalls-yrðum at e-m, to throw taunts at one;
    kasta eign sinni á e-t, to seize upon, take possession of;
    kasta á sik sótt, to feign illness;
    2) to cast off (er H. heyrði þetta, kastaði hann skikkjunni);
    kasta trú, to cast off one’s faith;
    3) impers., e-u kastar, is thrown, flung;
    tóku þeir gneista þá, er kastat hafði ór Múspellsheimi, they took the sparks that had been cast out from M.;
    skipinu hafði kastat, had capsized;
    henni var kastat skinni at beini, the skin was, as it were, thrown over her bones (from leanness);
    4) with ‘um’;
    kasta um hesti, to turn, wheel, a horse right round;
    kasta um sínum hug, to alter one’s (own) disposition; absol. to turn round, wheel about.
    * * *
    að, [a Scandin. word; Dan.-Swed. kaste, not found in Saxon and Germ., so that Engl. cast must be of Dan. origin]:—to cast, throw, with dat. of the thing ( to throw with a thing), but also absol.; Egill kastaði þegar niðr horninu, E. flung the horn away, Eg. 215; smala-maðr kastar höfðinu niðr, Nj. 71; en er skjöldr Atla var únýttr, þá kastaði hann honum, Eg. 507; hann kastar aptr öllu ok vill ekki þiggja, Man.; kasta brynju, Hkv. 2. 42; kasta akkerum, to cast anchor, Eg. 128; k. farmi, to throw the cargo overboard, 656 C. 21, Sks. 231 B; kasta verplum, to cast with the dice, Grág. ii. 198; Suðrmenn tveir köstuðu um silfr ( gambled); Magn. 528; hana kastaði, ok kómu upp tvau sex, Ó. H. 90: to throw, toss, ef griðungr kastar manni, Grág. ii. 122; k. e-m inn, to cast into prison, Fms. ix. 245.
    II. with prepp.; kasta um hesti, to turn a horse at full gallop; ven þú hest þinn góðan um at kasta á hlaupanda skrefi, Sks. 374; Jóns-synir köstuðu um hestum sínum, Sturl. ii. 75: metaph., biskupi þótti hann hafa kastað sér um til mótstöðu-manna kirkjunnar, that he had turned round to the enemies of the church, Bs. i. 722; k. um hug sínum, to change one’s mind, Stj. 285: k. til e-s, to cast at one, pelt one, Grág. ii. 7: ef hvarrgi kastar fyrir annan, lay snares for another, Gþl. 426.
    III. to cast off; kasta trú, to cast off one’s faith, be a renegade, Nj. 166, 272; kasta Kristni, to apostatize, Fms. i. 108, vii. 151.
    IV. phrases, kasta orðum á e-n, to address one, Ölk. 37; k. kallz-yrðum at e-m, to throw taunts at one, Fms. vi. 194, Fb. i. 214 (at-kast); kasta reiði á e-n, Fms. vii. 228; k. á sik sótt, to feign illness, Nj. 14: k. fram kviðlingi, vísu, stöku, to extemporise, cast abroad, a ditty, Fms. ii. 207; kasta sinni eign á e-t, to seize upon: k. niðr, to cast down, Eg. 730: k. e-u til, to insinuate, Fb. ii. 148; k. móti e-m, to cast in one’s teeth, Stj. 173: kasta upp, to forward, bring forth, Nj. 88.
    V. impers., of being cast, thrown, flung, esp. by wind, waves, etc.; varð svá mikill eldsgangrinn, at logbröndunum kastaði upp í borgina, Fms. x. 29; er hann frétti at skipinu hafði kastað, capsized, Bs. i. 389; þær síur ok gneista, er kastað hafði ór Múspells-heimi, Edda 5; köldum draug kastar upp á búnka, Skald H. 4. 19; kastaði þú fram seglinu á akkeris-fleininn, Fms. ix. 387; menn dasask, skips-farmi kastar, Sks. 231; enda kasti hvölum eða viði yfir malar-kamb, Grág. ii. 354; þat fé er kastar á land, 388; þá kastar þegar vindi á eptir þeim, it blew up to a breeze, Bs. i. 461; nú kastar á vindi innan eptir firðinum, Fms. ii. 72; henni var kastað skinni at beini, the skin was as it were thrown over her bones, of leanness, Bárð. 176.
    VI. reflex. or recipr., kastask í móti, to cast against one another, Gþl. 426; kastask orðum á, to exchange words, Eg. 547, Þorst. St. 52.
    2. pass. to be thrown, Fms. ix. 245, x. 49.

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  • 84 SIG

    * * *
    * * *
    n. [síga], a rope which is let down; fóru þá sigin ofan í gröfina, en Þoroddr upp, Ó. H. 152, Þjal. S: also of the rope by which a fowler is let down precipices, as described in Bs. ii. 111.
    2. in Icel. ropes with weights, put over hayricks, boats, or the like, to keep them safe (láta sig á hey); whence siga-keppr, m. a log fastened as a weight to a rope’s end: metaph. of a log-like, slow fellow; þú ert einsog sigakeppr!

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  • 85 SKJÓTA

    * * *
    (skýt; skaut, skutum; skotinn), v.
    1) to shoot with a weapon, with dat. (skjóta öru, spjóti, kólfi);
    vera skotinn spjóti í gegnum, to be shot through with a spear;
    skjóta af boga, to shoot with a bow;
    with the object shot at in acc. (skjóta dýr, mann, sel, fugl);
    skjóta at e-m, til e-s, to shoot at one;
    skjóta til hœfis, to shoot at a mark;
    skjóta skildi fyrir sik, to put a shield before one;
    skjóta loku fyrir, to shoot the bolt, lock the door;
    skjóta frá lokum, to unlock;
    skjóta e-u fyrir borð, to ‘shoot’ overboard;
    skjóta skipum á vatn, to launch ships;
    skjóta útan báti, to shove out a boat;
    skjóta hesti uridir e-n, to put a horse under one, to mount him;
    var mér hér skotit á land, I was put ashore here;
    skjóta e-u niðr, to thrust it down (hann skaut svá fast niðr skildinum, at);
    skjóta e-m brott or undan, to let one escape;
    skjóta undan peningum, to abstract, embezzle money;
    skjóta e-u í hug e-m to suggest to one (þá skaut guð því ráði í hug þeim);
    skjóta upp hvítum skildi, to hoist a white shield;
    skjóta upp vita, skjóta eldi í vita, to light up a beacon;
    skjóta land-tjaldi, to pitch a tent;
    skjóta á fylking, to draw up in battle array;
    skjóta á husþingi, to call a meeting together;
    skjóta á eyrendi, to make a speech;
    skjóta fótum undir sik, to take to one’s heels, to run;
    barnit skaut öndu upp, the child began to breathe;
    skjóta e-u of öxl, to throw off one’s shoulder;
    vér tólf dómendr, er málum þessum er t il skotit, to whom these suits are handed over;
    skýt ek því til gúðs ok góðra manna, at, I call God and all good men to witness, that;
    4) to pay (hann skaut einn fyrir sveitunga sína alla);
    5) impers., e-u skýtr upp, it shoots up, emerges, comes forth;
    upp skýtr jörðunni þá ór sænum, then the earth rises from the sea;
    skaut upp jörðu dag frá degi, the earth appeared day by day (as the snow melted);
    þó at þér skyti því í hug, though it shot into thy mind, occurred to thee;
    þeim skaut skelk í bringu, they were panic-stricken;
    sem kólfi skyti, swift as a dart;
    6) refl., skjótast.
    * * *
    skýt, pret. skaut, skauzt (skauztu rhyming with laust, Fms. vi. in a verse), skaut, pl. skutu; subj. skyti; imperat. skjót, skjóttú; part. skotinn: [A. S. sceôtan, scyttan; Engl. shoot and shut; Dan. skyde; Germ. schiessen.]
    A. To shoot with a weapon, the weapon being in dat.; skjóta öru (örum), spjóti, fleini, skutli, kesju, kólfi …, Fms. i. 44, x. 308, 362, Eg. 380; þeir þykkjask eigi hafa skotið betra skot, Fms. vii. 211; vera skotinn spjóti í gögnum, shot through with a spear, Nj. 274: the object shot at in acc., skjóta dýr, fugla, sela, Edda 16, Nj. 95, Ld. 56, Fms. x. 356, 362, and passim: also, s. til e-s, to shoot at; s. til fugls, Orkn. 346; s. til hæfis, to shoot at a mark, Fms. ii. 268; s. kesju at e-m, Eg. 380; allir skutu at Baldri, Edda 37.
    II. to shoot, to push or shove quickly; skjóta loku fyrir (or frá) hurðu (dyrum), to shoot the bolt, lock the door; s. frá lokum, to unlock, Lv. 60; hann lagðisk niðr ok skaut fyrir loku, Eg. 601; skaut hann þá frá lokum, Fms. vi. 189; þeir lögðu hann í kistu ok skutu síðan fyrir borð, and shot the chest overboard, Eg. 127; skaut Egill yfir brúnni, E. shot the bridge over the ditch, 531; s. brú af, to draw the bridge off or away, Fms. xi. 370; s. skipum á vatn, to launch the ships into water, ix. 501; s. báti, to launch a boat from the shore, Nj. 133; s. útan báti, to shove out a boat, 272; brauð þat er hón hafði í ofninn skotið, Hom. 114; menn er í ofn vóru skotnir, 117; var þeim skotið í eld brennanda, Eg. 232; then in all kinds of relations, s. hesti uudir e-n, to put a horse under one, mount him, Eg. 397, 602, Fms. vii. 21; var mér hér skotið á land, I was put ashore here, Nj. 45; s. e-m upp á land, id., Fms. i. 131; s. barni heim af fóstri, to send back a bairn from the fóstr, Grág. i. 276; s. e-m brott, to let one escape, Fms. ix. 420; s. e-m undan, id., vi. 116, vii. 250; s. niðr úmaga, to leave a pauper behind, place him there, Grág. i. 296, 297; s. fé á brott (undan), to abstract, embezzle money, 334; þetta líkar Þórdísi ílla ok skýtr undan peningunum, Korm. 150; skjóttú diametro sólarinnar í tvá staði, divide it into two, Rb. 462; þá skaut Guð því ráði í hug þeim, put this rede into their mind, 655. 3; s. upp hvítum skildi, to hoist a white shield, Fms. x. 347; s. upp vita, to light up the beacon, Hkr. i. 148; þá varð engum vita upp skotið, Orkn. 266; vita-karlinn skaut eldi í vitann, lighted up the beacon, Fms. viii. 188; s. land-tjaldi, to pitch a tent, Nj. 157; var skotið um hann skjaldborg, 274; s. á skjaldborg, to draw up a s., Fms. vii. 70; s. á fylking, to draw up in battle array, Ó. H. 209; s. á húsþingi, to call a meeting together, Eg. 357; s. á eyrendi, to make a speech, Fms. i. 215; skýtr or skýtsk mjök í tvau horn um e-t, see horn B.I. 2; s. fótum undir sik, to take to one’s heels, to run, Fms. viii. 358; hann skaut sér út hjá þeim, shot out, escaped, vi. 189; harm hljóp upp á altarit, ok skaut á knjám sínum, ix. 462; barnit skaut öndu upp, the bairn began to breathe, Hkr. ii. 199; s. skildi fyrir sik, to put a shield before one, Eg. 378, Nj. 156; s. skjóli yfir e-n, to protect (see skjól); Máriusúðin skaut lykkjunum, she (the ship) shivered, Fms. viii. 199; þá segisk, at hann skyti í fyrstu þessu orði, eldisk árgalinn nú, he is said to have let this word slip, to have said, vi. 251; s. e-u of öxl, to throw it off one’s shoulder, Gg. 6; s. e-u á frest, to put off, delay: skjóta augum, to look askance, Eg. (in a verse), from which the mod. gjóta augum is a corruption.
    III. metaph. to shift or transfer a case to another, appeal; skutu þau til ráða Ólafs, Ld. 74; s. þrætu til ór skurðar e-s, Fms. vii. 203; því skýt ek til Guðs, i. 3; s. sínu máli á Guðs vald, x. 103; s. þessu máli til Frosta-þings …, þeir skutu þangat sínu máli, i. 32; vér tólf dómendr, er málum þessum er til skotið, Nj. 188; s. máli á fylkis-þing, N. G. L. i. 21; skýt ek því til Guðs ok góðra manna, Nj. 176; menn þá er hann skaut ráðum undir, whom he took as his counsel, Fms. vii. 308.
    IV. [A. S. scot; Engl. shot, scot, see skot, I and II]:—to pay; rétt er at fimm búar virði gripinn, ok skal hann þá skjóta í móti slíku, er þeir virða gripinn dýrra enn hans skuld var fyrir öndverðu, Grág. i. 412; skjóta fé saman, to club money together, make a collection, Mar.; þeir skutu saman fjár-hlutum sínum hverr eptir efnum, Hom, 123 (samskot); hann skaut einn fyrir sveitunga sína alla ( he paid their scot) þá er þeir sátu í skytningum, Ld. 312 (see skytningr).
    V. impers., e-u skýtr upp, it shoots up, emerges, comes forth; upp skýtr jörðunni þá ór sænum, Edda 44; skaut upp jörðu dag frá degi, the earth appeared day by day (as the snow melted), Fms. ii. 228; þó at þér skyti því í hug, though it shot into thy mind, occurred to thee, Band. 37 new Ed.; þeim skaut skelk í bringu, they were panic-stricken, Ld. 78, Eg. 49, Fb. i. 418 (see skelkr); mjök skýtr mornar vakri, she is much tossed, Hallfred; sveita skaut á skjaldrim, the shield-rim was blood-shot, blood-stained, Orkn. (in a verse); sem kólfi skyti, swift as a dart, Fms. ii. 183.
    B. Reflex. to shoot, start, move, slip away; Skíði frá ek at skauzt á fætr, S. started to his feet, Skíða R. 52; Björn skauzk aptr síðan at baki Kára, B. shot or slipped behind Kári’s back, Nj. 262; at menn hans skytisk eigi frá honum, lest they should slip away, abscond, Fms. vii. 49; vildi ljósta Gretti, en hann skautzk undan, started away from the blow, Grett. 91 A; þeir fálmauðu af hræðslu, ok skutusk hingað ok þingat undan geislum hans, Niðr. 5; þó at fé hans skjótisk fyrir garðsenda, to slip through by the end of the fence, Grág. ii. 263; nú skýzk maðr undan tali (evades,) N. G. L. i. 97; kemr í hug, at hann mun skotisk hafa undan, ok vilja eigi fara, Ísl. ii. 334: skjótask yfir (impers.), to skip, slip over; mér hefir skotisk yfir að telja hann, þeim hafði yfir skotisk um þetta, they had made a false calculation, Ld. 100; þá skjótumk ek mjök yfir, then I am much mistaken, Skálda (Thorodd); skýzt þeim mörgum vísdómrinn sem betri ván er at, Grett. 25 new Ed.: skjótask e-m, to fail; margir skutusk honum, many forsook him, Fms. i. 22; skutusk þá margir við Þórð í trúnaðinum, many proved false to Thord, Sturl. iii. 75 C; vildi dýrið ljósta þeim hramminum seni heill var, ok skauzk á stúfinn, and stumbled, reeled on the stump of the other leg, Grett. 101 A; hann var nokkut við aldr, ok skauzk á fótum ( and tottered on his legs), ok þó hinn karlmannligsti, Háv. 45: also in the law phrase, hafa e-u fyrir skotið, to have a case forfeited, N. G. L. i. 52, 53; ef hann stefnir eigi … þá er þeim váttum fyrir skotið, then the witnesses are valueless, 54 (cp. Dan. for-skyde).
    2. reflex., in the mod. skjótask, to go on a short errand, pay a short visit; viltu ekki skjótast með bréfið að tarna? eg ætla að skjútast inn sem snöggvast, bíddu meðan eg skýzt inn, and the like.
    II. recipr., skjótask á, to exchange shots, Fms. i. 93, vii. 54.
    III. part., of corn, to shoot; rúgakr al-skotinn, Þiðr. 180.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SKJÓTA

  • 86 YFIR

    * * *
    prep. with dat. and acc.
    I. with dat. over, above (hvers manns alvæpni hekk y. rúmi hans); sitja y. borðum, to sit at table; s. yfir málum manna, to sit at, attend to cases, as judge; konungr y. Englandi, king over E.; vaka y. e-m, to wake or watch over;
    II. with acc.
    1) over, above (Skaði tók eitr-orm, ok festi upp y. hann); hann tók y. sik skikkjuna, he put on the mantle; komast y. e-t, to come by a thing;
    2) over, across, through (síðan fóru þeir y. Norðrá);
    3) fig. over, beyond; hafa vöxt y. e-n, to have growth over, be taller than; fram y. aðra menn, beyond, above other men;
    4) adverbial usages, sá kvittr kom y., passed over; kveld kemr y., evening draws on.
    * * *
    prep. with dat. and acc., also ellipt. or even as adv.; [in Goth. there are two forms, uf = Lat. sub, and ufar = Lat. super, which, as to the form, answer to Icel. ‘of’ and ‘yfir;’ but in reality ‘of’ is in the old vellums used indiscriminately, sometimes = um (q. v.), sometimes = yfir, see p. 462 and um (umb, of), p. 648 sqq.; ‘of’ as prep. is now obsolete, having been replaced, according to the sense, by um or yfir: Goth. ufar; A. S. ofer; Engl. over; O. H. G. ubar; Hel. ubar; Germ. über; Dan. over; Swed. öfver; Lat. super; Gr. υπέρ]:—over.
    A. WITH DAT. over, above; hvers manns alvæpni hékk yfir rúmi hans, Eg. 88; þriðja stendr yfir Niflheimi … brenn eldr yfir Bifröst, Edda 10; yfir lokhvílu sinni, Nj. 183; spretta skörum yfir sér, Fas. ii. 187; tjalda yfir skipi sínu. Eg. 373; jörð gróin yfir viði eðr beinum, Grág. ii. 354; sitja yfir borðum, matborði, dagverði, drykkju …, to sit at table over one’s meat, drink; Nj. 6, 68, Eg. 63, 407, 577, passim; sitja yfir dómum yfir málum manna, to sit at, attend to cases, as judge, Ó. H. 86; Olafr konungr hafði jafnan með sér tólf ena spökustu menn, þeir sátu yfir dómum með honum ok réðu um vandamál, id.; sitja yfir e-m, to sit over one (a sick person), Fms. vii. 166, ix. 250; styrma yfir e-m, Ld. 40.
    II. metaph. usages; görask konungr bæði yfir Mörkinni ok Hálogalandi, Eg. 71; konungr yfir Englandi, 263; biskup yfir þeim fjórðungi, Grág. i. 326; hafa vald yfir e-u, Fms. i. 227, x. 48; vera höfðingi ok herra yfir e-u, id.; Þorgils er þá var yfir Skagafirði, 61; dómandi allra mála yfir þeim ríkjum, Fas. i. 513; hann setti bróður sinn yfir Víkinni, Fms. i. 29; sektir yfir e-m, H. E. i. 420; til gæzlu yfir e-m, custody over one, Edda 21; vaka yfir e-m, to wake or watch over, Fms. i. 9, iv. 299; vöku vér hér hverja nótt á Aski yfir fé váru, Eg. 375: þú vart trúr yfir litlu, eg mun setja þig yfir mikið, Matt. xxv. 23; vil ek eigi hafa flimtan hennar né fáryrði yfir mér, Nj. 50; sitja yfir hlut e-s, 89 (see sitja I. 2); ok liggi sú íllska lengr yfir þeim, threatening them, Fms. x. 265; búa yfir brögðum, Fas. i. 290; hefi ek sét marga dýrliga hluti yfir honum, 623. 55; mér sýnisk svá mikit yfir þér, at mér byðr þat eitt í skap at þú verðir meira stýrandi, Bs. i. 468; allir þeir er nokkurr þrifnaðr var yfir, leystu sik á þrem vetrum, Fms. iii. 18; opt hafa orðit þvílíkar jarteinir yfir heiðnum mönnum, vii. 195; láta vel ílla … yfir e-u, Ld. 168, Hkr. i. 213, ii. 32 (see láta B. I. 2); láta hljótt yfir e-n, Nj. 232; þegja yfir e-u, Ld. 36; fögnuðr yfir e-u, joy over a thing, MS. 623. 23; aumhjartaðr yfir úförum hvers manns, Sks. 687; lýsa yfir e-u, to declare, Eb. 20, 250, Nj. 93, Ld. 164, 306, Fs. 13, 24, Eg. 141 new Ed., Gísl. 16, Ó. H. 101, 179, Bs. i. 95, 203, 268, 624, Fms. ii. 25, xi. 6, 25: hlyða e-m yfir, see hlýða.
    III. ellipt. or adverb, usages; eldr, ok katlar yfir, Eg. 238; ætlar hann at görask konungr yfir norðr þar, 71; yfir á Espihóli, Sturl. iii. 261.
    B. WITH ACC. over, above, denoting motion; limar hans dreifask yfir heim allan, Edda 10; drógu þeir netið yfir hann, … hlaupa yfir netið … hleypr hann yfir þinulinn, 40; þeir bundu yfir sik flaka af viði, Fms. ix. 421; Skaði tók eitr-orm ok festi yfir hann, Edda 40; hann tók yfir sik skikkjuna, ‘took clothes over himself,’ put on the mantle, Nj. 170; binda boð yfir miðjar dyrr, Gþl. 434; leggja e-t yfir altari þín, 655 xxiii; lauf ok limar tóku út yfir skipit, Ó. H. 36; hann felldi hvern yfir annan, Hkr. i. 151; cp. hverr um annan (um C. V); er aldr fór yfir hann, Ó. H. 123; sló miklum ótta yfir hirðmennina, struck great terror into the king’s men, Fas. i. 68; skjóta skjóli yfir e-n, Ld. 40; setja menn yfir ríki sitt, Eg. 7; at konungr mundi annan höfðingja setja yfir Norðymbra-land, Fms. i. 24; lét hann taka Knút til konungs yfir ríki þat allt, 112; komask yfir e-t, to come by a thing, Bárð. 175; láta lítið yfir sik, Fms. vii. 29.
    2. over, through, across; austr yfir Foldina, Fms. i. 52; hann gékk yfir mark þat, Eg. 490; fara yfir ás nokkurn, … klif bratt yfir at fara, 576; ríða yfir fljótið, Nj. 82; hverr reiddi yfir Markar-fljót, 142; yfir skóginn, Fms. v. 249; ríðu vestr yfir Lómagnúpssand, Nj. 255; yfir hafit, Fms. vi. 21; er hann kom suðr yfir Fjalir, iii. 36; sigla norðr yfir Foldina, viii. 132; síðan fóru þeir yfir Norðrá, Eg. 134; fara at veizlum yfir ríki sitt, Fms. i. 157; skógr er almannavegr liggr yfir, Fs. 4.
    II. metaph. over, beyond; hafa vöxt yfir e-n, to have growth over or above another, be taller, Fas. ii. 234; hafa höfuð ok herðar yfir e-n; fram yfir aðra menn, beyond, above, i. 27; yfir þat fram, beyond that, above that, Vm. 19; fram yfir Páskaviku, Sturl. i. 121; fram yfir Jól, Boll. 344; yfir hálf-þrítugt, Fms. ix. 33.
    III. of direction, with another prep.; yfir á Hól, Hrafn. 9; þeir fúru yfir a Katanes, Fms. ix. 424; þeir sigldu yfir undir Kaupmannaeyjar, 421; upp yfir; fram yfir Grjótteigsá, Hrafn. 6.
    IV. ellipt. and adverb, usages; sá kvittr kom yfir, passed over, Eg. 164; lesa yfir, to read, Dipl. iii. 10, Fms. x. 1; kveld kemr yfir, draws on, Finnb. 230; skýflóki gengr yfir, Bárð. 169; um nóttina þann tíma er hringdi yfir, Fms. x. 29; at hann myndi fljótara yfir bera ef hann riði, Hrafn. 7; hestrinn bar hann skjótt yfir ok víða, id.; undir at leiða eðr yfir at keyra, Gþl. 412; göra brú yfir, 411.
    2. with verbs; bera, gnæfa, taka yfir, to surpass, passim; vofa yfir, to impend; búa yfir e-u, see búa; hylma ylir, to conceal; bætr yfir, to mend; verpa yfir, to calculate; drepa yfir e-t, to hush down; fara yfir, to pass over; líta, sjá yfir, to oversee, superintend; líða yfir, to pass over, also to faint; stíga yfir, to overcome; staupla yfir, sjást yfir, to overlook, neglect, etc., see the verbs.
    3. var hann kátr yfir fram, exceedingly, Sturl. iii. 267; bjargit skútti yfir fram, Fms. vii. 81; sjá yfir upp, Edda 30.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > YFIR

  • 87 ÞVINGA

    (að), v.
    1) to weigh down, oppress;
    2) to compel, force.
    * * *
    að, [O. H. G. dwingan; mid.H. G. twinge; Germ. zwingen; Dan. tvinge; þvinga and þungr (q. v.) are, we believe, kindred words]:—to weigh down, oppress; þvingar móðrinn harði, a grief weighs me down, Skáld H. 7. 9; mig hefir þvingað manna lát, 5. 14; sárliga þvinguð, Mirm. (Ed.) 210.
    II. reflex., en vér þvingumz á sex dögum ok þrjátigi, Stj. 148; þenna mann þvingaðan mörgum hugrenningum, burdened with many concerns, Th. 2; móðurinnar kvið, svá sem hann er þvingaðr ( loaded) ok fullr af burðinum, Stj. 80. This word is rare in old writers, but freq. in mod. usage since the Reformation. The metaph. sense, to compel, has been introduced through the Germ. word.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > ÞVINGA

  • 88 renna

    * * *
    I)
    (renn; rann, runnum; runninn), v.
    1) to run (rakkar þar renna);
    renna í köpp við e-n, to run a race with;
    hón á þann hest, er rennr lopt ok lög, that runs through the air and over the sea;
    renna e-m hvarf, to run out of one’s sight;
    2) to run away, flee (rennr þú nú Úlfr hinn ragi);
    renna undan e-m, to run away from one (ek get þess, at þú vilir eigi renna undan þeim);
    3) to run, flow (rennr þaðan lítill lœkr);
    4) to melt, dissolve (ok hafði runnit málmrinn í eldsganginum);
    reiði rennr e-m, anger leaves one;
    5) to arise (= renna upp);
    sól rennr, the sun rises;
    dagr rennr, it dawns;
    6) with preps.:
    renna af e-m, to leave one, pass away from one (reiði rann af honum);
    renna á e-n, to come over one;
    svefn, svefnhöfgi rennr á e-n, one falls asleep;
    reiði rennr á e-n, one gets angry;
    þá rann á byrr, then a fair wind arose;
    renna eptir e-m, to run after one (þá var runnit eptir þeim, er flóttann ráku);
    renna frá e-m, to run away from, leave one;
    renna í e-t, to run into;
    e-m rennr í skap, one is much (deeply) affected (er eigi trútt, at mér hafi eigi í skap runnit sonardauðinn);
    renna saman, to heal up (þá var saman runninn leggrinn);
    renna undir, to assist, give support (margar stoðir runnu undir, bæði frændr ok vinir);
    renna upp, to originate (var þess ván, at illr ávöxtr mundi upp renna af illri rót);
    of the sun or daylight, to rise;
    sól (dagr) rennr upp (cf. 5);
    7) recipr., rennast at (á), to attack one another, begin a fight.
    (-da, -dr), v.
    1) to make (let) run, with dat. (keyrði hann hestinn sporum ok renndi honum at);
    2) to put to flight (þeir renndu þeim tíu, er undan kómust);
    3) to prevent, thwart (eigi má sköpunum renna);
    er rennt þeim ráðahag, that match is thwarted;
    4) to slip, let loose;
    renna veiðarfœri, to let the fishing-line run out;
    Tjörvi renndi fyrir hann törgu, T. flung a target in his way;
    impers., atgeirinum renndi gegnum skjöldinn, the halberd was run through the shield;
    renna e-u niðr, to swallow;
    renna grunum á e-t, to suspect;
    5) renna augum, to direct the eyes, to look (renna ástaraugum til e-s);
    6) to pour (var gulli rennt í skurðina);
    7) with acc., renna mjólk, to run millk, by pouring out the thin milk;
    8) with acc. to turn (renna tré, spánu);
    9) absol. to move quickly, slide, glide (konungsskipin renndu at þeim);
    þá renndi hringrinn af hendi mér, the ring slipped off my hand;
    10) refl., rennast augum til, to look to one another;
    þá renndust skipin hjá, the ships passed by one another.
    f. run, course;
    ok nú er skírðr allr Danaherr í þessi rennu, in one run, at one sweep.
    * * *
    1.
    d, a causal to the preceding word, [Ulf. rannjan, Matth. v. 25]:—to make run, let run; keyrði hann hestinn ok renndi honum at, put him into a gallop, Fms. ix. 56; renna hundum at dýrum, to run the hounds after game, let slip, Gþl. 448; konungr renndi eptir honum hestinum, Fms. viii. 353; renna sér, to slide:—to put to flight, þeir renndu þeim tíu er undan kómusk, Nj. 254; hverjum hesti renndi hann sem við hann átti, Vígl. 20:—to prevent, thwart, eigi má sköpunum renna, Ísl. ii. 106; þat hygg ek at rennt hafa ek nú þeim sköpunum, at hann verði mér at bana, Fas. ii. 169, 558; r. e-u ráði, to thwart it, Bret., Grág. i. 307; ok er nú rennt þeim ráða-hag, Valla L. 204; ek skal því renna, Jv. 49:—r. færi, neti, togum, öngli, to let the line, net … run out, Gþl. 426: Tjörvi renndi fyrir hann tjörgu, T. flung a targe in his way, Nj. 144: impers. of a weapon, atgeirinum renndi gögnum skjöldinn, the halberd was run through the shield, 116:—of the eyes, mind, renna augum, to turn, move the eyes, look, Ísl. ii. 251; r. ástar-augum til e-s, 199; r. girndar-augum, 623. 23; renna hug sínum, to wander in mind, consider, O. H. L. 84, Rb. 380, Hom. 39 (hug-renning); renna grunum, to suspect, Gísl. 25, Fms. x. 335:—of a melted substance, to pour, var gulli rennt í skurðina, Vígl. 15, Fb. i. 144, Fas. iii. 273; renndr skjöldr, Nj. 96, v. l.:—renna mjólk, to run milk, by pouring out the thin milk (undan-renning), Fas. iii. 373; renna úr trogunum, renna ór tunnu, Ó. H. 148; renna niðr, to let run down, swallow, Fms. v. 40; renna berjum í lófa, to run the berries out into the hollow hand, Fb. ii. 374:—a turner’s term, to turn, with acc., flest tré vóru þar koppara-járnum rennd, Fms. v. 339; hann hélt á tannara ok renndi þar af spánu, Ó. H. 197; tréstikur renndar, Vm. 110.
    II. absol. (qs. renna sér), to slide, glide, of swift movement; flotinn renndi at þeim, Fms. viii. 222, 288: skip Kormaks renndi við, the ship veered round, Korm. 230; síðan renna fram skipin, Nj. 8; skipin renndu fyrir straum, Fms. vii. 260; þá renndi járnit neðan, sem fiskr at öngli, Greg. 62; þá renndi hringrinn ( slipped) af hendi mér ok á vatnid, Ld. 126; þá renndu sverð ór slíðrum, Nj. 272; hann (the salmon) rennir upp í forsinn. Edda 40; þá renndi hann (the hawk) fram ok drap þrjá orra, Ó. H. 78; lagit renndi upp í kviðinn, 219; hann renndi þegar frá óðfluga, Nj. 144; hann rennir at fram fótskriðu (acc.), id.
    III. reflex., recipr., rennask augum, to look to one another, Ísl. ii. 251, v. l.; þá renndusk skipin hjá, passed by one another, Eg. 361; skipin renndusk á, Fms. ix. 50, v. l.
    2.
    u, f. a run, course; ok nú er skírðr allr Dana-herr í þessi rennu, in one run, in one sweep, Fms. xi. 39; í þeirri rennu, O. H. L. 7, 55.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > renna

  • 89 SIGNA

    I)
    (að), v. to sink or slide down (honum þótti byrðrin þung signaði hón niðr á bakit).
    (að, or -da, -dr), v.
    1) in a heathen sense, to mark with the sign of Thor’s hammer, to dedicate, to a god (s. full Óðni, Þór);
    2) to sign with the cross, make the sign of the cross over (gengu þeir undir borð ok signdu mat sinn); s. sik, to cross oneself (on the forehead and breast);
    3) to bless; signaðr Ólafr, the blessed O.
    * * *
    in pres. signi; pret, signdi, but also signaði; part. signt and signat. This word occurs in one of the oldest heathen poems, and is applied to a northern heathen rite; it is common to all Teut. languages except Gothic; yet as no ‘laut-verschiebung’ has taken place, it may be borrowed from the Latin, and perhaps came in with the earliest missions, cp. the remarks s. v. prim-signing: or sigr and signa may possibly be kindred words? [Hel. seginon; Germ. segnen; Lat. signare]:—to sign, consecrate; signa e-m e-t:
    I. in a heathen sense, see the remarks on hamarr; signa full, to sign the goblet with the sign of the hammer before drinking, Sdm. 8; enn er hit fyrsta full var skenkt, þá mælti Sigurðr jarl fyrir, ok signaði Óðni … Sigurðr jarl mælti, konungr görir svá sem þeir göra allir, er trúa á mátt sinn ok megin, ok signa full sitt Þór, hann görði hamars-mark yfir áðr hann drakk, Hkr. i. 143; en sá er görði veizluna ok höfðingi var, þá skyldi hann signa fullit ok allan blótmatinn, 139; signdi Bárðr fullit, Eg. 210 (öl þat er Bárróðr signdi, in a verse, l. c.); þar vóru minni öll signuð Á;sum at fornum sið, Ó. H. 102; þá blætr hann heiðnar vættir, ef hann signir fé sitt öðrum en Guði, K. Þ. K.; þeir eru gumnar goðum signaðir, Hdl. 27; skylda ek Vikar goðum of signa. Fas. iii. (in a verse); nú eru hér tólf hreinbjálfar er ek vil þér gefit hafa hefi ek þá svá signaða ok magnaða ( charmed and bewitched) at engan þeirra mun járn bíta, Fb. iii. 245.
    II. to sign with the cross; sem páfinn leit þá, signaði hann þá, Karl. 303; páfinn signdi matinn, 20; gengu þeir undir borð ok signdu mat sinn, Eb. 268; áðr matrinn var signdr, Fms. vii. 159; er hann signdi Dróttinn várn með sinni hendi, 625. 63 (of the sign of the cross in baptism):—signa sik, to sign oneself with a cross on the forehead and breast; þau signdu sik ok sveininn, Nj. 201, Barl. 207; sign þik eigi, Th. 3; þá er hann hefir signt sik, 655 xi. 4; ekki frá ek hann signdi sik, Skiða R. 44; hón signdi sik ok mælti, þetta er úfæra, Grett. 150 new Ed.; Þorsteinn vakti hana, biðr hana signa sik, ok biðja Guð hjálpar, Þorf. Karl. 396.
    2. [Germ. segnen; Dan., Swed., and Norse signe, signa], to bless; henni mun ek bleza ok hana signa, Stj. 115; er Guð signdi ok þangat sendi, Karl. 289; Guð signi yðr! Art.; signi Guð ykkr báða, Skíða R. 118; vel ert þú signuð af sjálfum Guði, Stj. 424; komi þér, vel signaðir (Dan. vel-signet), til míns Föður ríkis, Hom. 156; hins signaða Magnúss, the blessed Magnus. Magn. 512; hans signuðu móður, Th. 25, Rb. 422; signaðr Ólafr, Fms. v. 222; hans signaði líkamr, Th. 28: van-signdr, cursed, Mar.: the word in this sense has been superseded by bleza, q. v.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SIGNA

  • 90 APTR

    adv.
    1) back; fara (snúa, koma, senda, sœkja, hverfa) a., to go (turn etc.) back; reka a., to drive back, repel; kalla a., to recall, revoke;
    2) backwards; fram ok a., backwards and forwards, to and fro; þeir settu hnakka á bak sér a., they bent their necks backwards;
    3) lúka (láta) a., to shut, close; hlið, port, hurð er a., is shut;
    4) at the back, in the rear; þat er maðr fram, en dýr a., the fore part a man, the hind part of a beast; bæði a. ok fram, stem and stern (of a ship); Sigurðr sat a. á kistunni, S. sat aft on the stern-chest;
    5) again; Freyja vaknar ok snerist við ok sofnar a., and falls asleep again.
    * * *
    and aftr (aptar, N. G. L. i. 347), adv., compar. aptar, superl. aptast, [Ulf. aftra = πάλιν], the spelling with p is borne out by the Gr. αψ.
    I. Loc. back, back again:
    1. WITH MOTION, connected with verbs denoting to go or move, such as fara, ganga, koma, leiða, senda, snúa, sækja, etc., where aptr almost answers to Lat. re-, remittere, reducere, reverti …; gefa a., reddere; bera a., refellere; kalla a., revocare; reka a., repellere: a. hverfr lygi þá er sönnu mætir (a proverb), a lie turns back when it meets truth, Bs. i. 639. ‘aptr’ implies a notion a loco or in locum, ‘eptir’ that of remaining in loco; thus skila a. means remittere; skilja eptir, relinquere; taka a., recipere, in a bad sense; taka eptir, animum attendere; fara a., redire; vera e., remanere, etc.; fara, snúa, koma, senda, sækja, hverfa a., Nj. 260, 281, Fms. x. 395, iv. 300, Edda 30, Eg. 271, Eb. 4, Fs. 6; færa a., to repay, N. G. L. i. 20; snúast a., Lækn. 472. Without actual motion,—as of sounds; þeir heyrðu a. í rjóðrit óp, they heard shouting behind them, Fms. iv. 300; nú skal eigi prestr ganga svá langt frá kirkju at hann heyri eigi klokkur hljóð aftar (= aftr), he shall not go out of the sound of the bells, N. G. L. i. 347.
    β. backwards; fram ok a., to and fro (freq.); reið hann suðr aptr, rode back again, Nj. 29; aptr á bak, supine, bent or turned back, Eg. 380; þeir settu hnakka á bak sér a., bent their necks backwards in order to be able to see, Edda 30; skreiðast a. af hestinum, to slip down backwards from the croup of a horse, to dismount, Fs. 65.
    γ. connected with many verbs such as, láta, lúka a., to close, shut, opp. to láta, lúka upp, Fær. 264, Eg. 7, Landn. 162; in a reverse sense to Lat. recludere, reserere, rescindere, resolvere.
    2. WITHOUT MOTION = aptan, the hind part, the back of anything; þat er maðr fram ( superne), en dýr a., the fore part a man, the hind part a beast, 673. 2; síðan lagði hann at tennrnar a. við huppinn, he caught the hip with his teeth, Vígl. 21. The English aft when used of a ship; breði a. ok fram, stern and stem (of a ship), Fms. ix. 310; Sigurðr sat a. á kistunni, sate aft on the stern-chest, vii. 201; a. ok frammi, of the parts of the body (of a seal), Sks. 179. Compar. aptarr, farther back, Fms. vi. 76.
    II. TEMP. again, πάλιν, iterum: this use of the word, general as it is at present, hardly appears in old writers; they seem to have had no special expression for again, but instead of it said síðan, enn, or used a periphrase, á nýja leik, öðru sinni, annat sinn, or some other substitute. It is, however, very freq. in Goth. aftra = πάλιν, Swed. åter, Dan. atter; some passages in the Sagas come near to the mod. use, e. g. bæta a., restituere, to give back (but not temp.); segja friði a., to recal, N. G. L. i. 103; hann maelti at engi mundi þann fald a. falda, El. 20, uncertain whether loc. ( backward) or iterum, most likely the former. It is now used in a great many compounds, answering to Lat. re-, cp. also endr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > APTR

  • 91 um

    of
    * * *
    older umb, prep. with acc. and dat.
    I. with acc.
    1) around (slá hring um e-n);
    2) about, all over (hárit féll um hana alla); um allar sveitir, all over the country; mikill um herðar, large about the shoulders, broad-shouldered; liggja um akkeri, to ride at anchor;
    3) of proportion; margir voru um einn, many against one; um einn hest voru tveir menn, two men to each horse;
    4) round, past, beyond, with verbs denoting motion (sigla vestr um Bretland); leggja um skut þessu skipi, to pass by this ship; ríða um tún, to pass by a place;
    5) over, across, along (flytja e-n um haf); kominn um langan veg, come from a long way off; ganga um gólf, to cross the floor (but also to walk up and down the floor); slá, er lá um þvert skipit, a beam that lay athwart the ship; um kné sér, across the knee; e-t er hœgt um hönd, gives little trouble, is ready to hand;
    6) of time, during, in the course of (um messuna, um þingit, um sumarit); þat var um nótt, by night; um nætr sem um daga, by night as well as day; lengra en fara megi um dag, in the course of one day;
    7) at a point of time (hann kom at höllinni um drykkju); um þat, at that time, then; um þat er, when (um þat, er vér erum allir at velli lagðir);
    8) of, about, in regard to a thing; bera um e-t, dœma um e-t, to bear witness, judge about; tala um e-t, to speak of; annast um e-t, to attend to; sviðr um sik, wise of oneself; hvárr um sik, each for himself; var mart vel um hann, he had many good qualities;
    9) e-m er ekki um e-t, one does not like (var honum ekki um Norðmenn); with infin., honum er ekki um at berjast í dag, he has no liking to fight to-day; er þér nökkut um, at vér rannsökum þik ok hús þín, have you any objection that we …?; e-m er mikit (lítil) um e-t, one likes it much, little (Guðrúnu var lítil um þat); sá, er mönnum væri meira um, whom people liked better; e-m finnst mikit um e-t, one is much pleased umwith, has a high opinion of (konungi fannst mikit um list þá ok kurteisi þá, er þar var á öllu);
    10) because of, for; öfunda e-n um e-t, to envy one for a thing; verða útlagt um e-t, to be fined for a transgression; um sakleysi, without cause;
    11) beyond, above; margir fengu eigi hlaupit um röst, more than one mile; hafa vetr um þrítugt, to be thirty-one; e-m um afl, um megn, beyond one’s strength, more than one can do (þetta mál er nökkut þér um megn); kasta steini um megn sér, to overstrain oneself; um of, too much, excessive (þótti mörgum þetta um of); um alla menn fram or um fram alla menn, above all men (hón unni honum um alla menn fram); e-m er e-t um hug, one has no mind for, dislikes (ef þér er nökkut um hug á kaupum við oss);
    12) over, across; detta, falla um e-t, to stumble over (féll bóandinn um hann);
    13) by; draugrinn hafði þokat at Þorsteini um þrjár setur, by three seats;
    14) about; þeir sögðu honum, hvat um var at vera, what it was about, how matters stood; hvat sem um þat er, however that may be; eiga e-t um at vera, to be troubled about a thing (lætr sem hann eigi um ekki at vera); var fátt um með þeim, they were not on good terms;
    15) ellipt., ef satt skal um tala, if the truth must be told; þannig sem atburðr hefir orðit um, as things have turned out;
    16) as adv., gekk um veðrit, veered round, changed; ríða (sigla) um, to ride (sail) by; langt um, far beyond, quite; fljótit var langt um úfœrt (úreitt), quite impassable; um liðinn, passed by, of time; á þeirri viku, er um var liðin, in the past umweek;
    II. with dat.
    1) over, esp. poet.; sitja um borðum = sitja yfir borðum; sá es um verði glissir, he that gabbles over a meal;
    2) of time, by; um dögum, um nóttum, by day, by night; um sumrum, haustum, vetrum, várum, in the summer, etc.; um vetrum ok sumrum, both winter and summer.
    * * *
    1.
    an enclytic particle, see ‘of,’ p. 462, col. 2.
    2.
    adv. too; see ‘of,’ p. 462, col. 2, and p. 463, col. 1.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > um

  • 92 FÆRA

    * * *
    1.
    ð, [from fár, n., different from the following word, having á as root vowel], to slight, taunt one, with dat.; ok færa þeim eigi í orðum né verkum, offend them not in words nor acts, Hom. 57: mod., færa at e-m, id.
    2.
    ð, [i. e. fœra, a trans. verb formed from the pret. of fara, fór; not in Ulf.; A. S. fergan or ferjan; Engl. to ferry; Germ. führen; Dan. före; Swed. föra]:—to bring; a very freq. word, as the Germ. and Saxon ‘bring’ was unknown in the old Scandin., as in mod. Icel.; the Dan. bringe and Swed. bringa are mod. and borrowed from Germ.; færa fé til skips, Nj. 4; færa barn til skírnar, K. Þ. K. 2 passim; ef Þorvaldr væri færandi þangat, if Th. could be carried thither, Sturl. i. 157.
    2. to bring, present; hafði Þórólfr heim marga dýrgripi ok færði föður sínum ok móður, Eg. 4; þér munut f. mér höfuð hans, 86; færa e-m höfuð sitt, to surrender to one, Fms. x. 261; færa fórn, to bring offerings, Stj. passim; færa tak, to offer, give bail, Gþl. 122: the phrase, koma færandi hendi, to come with bringing hand, i. e. to bring gifts.
    3. phrases, færa ómaga á hendr e-m, of forced alimentation, Grág. Ó. Þ. passim; færa til þýfðar, to bring an action for theft, Grág. i. 429; færa e-t til sanns vegar, to make a thing right, assert the truth of it, 655 xxviii. 2; færa alla hluti til betra vegar, to turn all things to the best account; þat er gjörtæki, ok færir til meira máls, and leads to a more serious case, Grág. i. 429, v. l.; færa til bana, to put to death, Rb. 398; færa í hljóðmæli, to hush up, Nj. 51; færa í útlegð, to bring to outlawry, banish, Rb. 414; færa til Kristni, to bring to Christ, convert, Fms. xi. 408; færa sik í ætt, to vindicate one’s kinship (by a gallant deed), Sturl. ii. 197; er þú færðir þik með skörungskap í þína ætt, shewed thee to be worthy of thy friends, Glúm. 338.
    4. special usages; færa frá, to wean lambs in the spring, Vm. 13, hence frá-færur, q. v.; færa e-n af baki, to throw one, of a horse, Grág. ii. 95: færa niðr korn, sæði, to put down corn, seed, i. e. to sow, Nj. 169; tiu sáld niðr færð, Vm. 55; sálds sæði niðr fært, D. I. i. 476, Orkn. 462; færa e-n niðr, to keep one under, in swimming, Ld. 168; færa upp, to lift up, Nj. 19: færa upp, a cooking term, to take out the meat ( of the kettle), 247; færa í sundr, to split asunder, Grett. 151 (of logs); færa til, to adduce as a reason; færa við bakið (síðuna, etc.), to present the back (side, etc.) to a blow, Fms. vi. 15, Korm. 6; færa e-n fram, to maintain, feed, Grág. passim; færa fram, to utter, pronounce, Skálda 178; as a law term, to produce (færa fram sókn, vörn), Grág. passim; færa fé á vetr, to bring sheep to winter, i. e. keep them in fold, Grág. ch. 224; færa e-t á hendr e-m, to charge one with a thing, 656 A. 1. 3; færa skömm at e-m, to sneer at one, Eg. 210; færa á e-n, to mock one, Fms. v. 90, but see færa (from fár); færa e-t saman, to bring a thing about, Sturl. i. 139 C; færa kvæði, to deliver a poem, Ld. 114, Landn. 197, 199.
    5. to remove, change; færa kirkju, to remove a church, in rebuilding it, K. Þ. K. 38, cp. Eb. fine; færa bein, Bjarn. 19, Lat. translatio; færa mark, to change the mark on cattle, Grág. i. 416; færa landsmerki, to remove the landmarks, ii. 219: metaph., færa til rétts máls, to turn into plain language, viz. into prose, Edda 126; færa heimili sitt, to change one’s abode, Grág. i. 146; færa út búðarveggi, to enlarge the walls, Ísl. ii. 293.
    II. reflex. to bring, carry oneself; hann gat færsk þar at, he dragged himself thither, Fms. vi. 15; færask við, to strain, exert oneself, Eg. 233; færask í aukana, to strive with might and main, vide auki; færask at, to bestir oneself, Fms. vii. 243; mega ekki at færask, to be unable to do anything, 220, 265; svá hræddir, at þeir máttu ekki at f., so frightened that they could do nothing, 655 xxvii. 22; færask e-t ór fangi, to withhold from, vide fang; færask undan, to withhold; færa undan sökum, to plead not guilty, Fms. xi. 251; bera járn at færask undan, to carry iron (as an ordeal) in order to quit oneself, v. 307; færask á fætr, to grow up, Ld. 54; aldr færisk ( passes) e-n, one grows up, Fs. 3, Rb. 346; tvímælit færisk af, is removed, Lv. 52.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FÆRA

  • 93 GADDR

    (-s, -ar), m.
    1) goad, spike; fig., var mjök í gadda slegit, at, it was all but settled that;
    * * *
    m. [Ulf. gads = κέντρον, 1 Cor. xv. 55, 56; A. S. gadu; Engl. gad, goad; Swed. gadd]:—a goad, spike, Str. 77, Gísl. 159 (on a sword’s hilt); gadda-kylfa, u, f. a ‘gad-club,’ club with spikes, Fms. iii. 329; gadd-hjalt, n. a ‘gad-hilt,’ hilt studded with nails, Eb. 36 new Ed., Gísl. 159, Fas. iii. 288, cp. Worsaae 494, 495, as compared with 330: metaph. phrase, var mjök í gadda slegit, ‘twas all but fixed with nails, i. e. settled, Nj. 280.
    II. a sting, Al. 168; (cp. Engl. gad-fly.)
    III. perhaps a different root, hard snow, also spelt galdr (Fms. viii. 413, v. l., cp. gald, Ivar Aasen); the phrase, troða gadd, to tread the snow down hard, Fms. vii. 324, viii. 413, ix. 364, 490; en er Birkibeinar vóru komnir upp á galdinn hjá þeim, Fb. ii. 688: even used as neut., gaddit, Fms. viii. l. c. (in a vellum MS.); gaddit. id. (also vellum MS.); hence gadd-frosinn, part. hard-frozen; gadd-hestr, m. a jade turned out in the snow.
    IV. a ‘gad-tooth,’ a disease in cattle, one or more grinders growing out so as to prevent the animal from feeding, described in Fél. xiv. note 250; gadd-jaxl, m. a ‘gad-grinder.’

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > GADDR

  • 94 SKAUT

    I) n.
    1) corner of a square cloth (hann var borinn í fjórum skautum til búðar);
    feldr fimm alna í s., a cloak five ells square;
    of the heaven (þeir gerðu þar af himin ok settu hann upp yfir jörðina með fjórum skautum);
    byrr beggja skauta, a fair wind (right astern);
    fig., hann mun verða yðr þungr í skauti, hard to deal with;
    3) flap, skirt of a cloak (hón hafði yfir sik skallats-skikkju hlaðbúna í s. niðr);
    4) lap (sitja, liggja í skauti e-s);
    5) a square piece of cloth, kerchief (menn báru þá hluti sína í s., ok tók jarlinn upp);
    6) a lady’s hood.
    II) from skjóta.
    * * *
    n. [Ulf. skauts = κράσπεδον, Matth. ix. 20, Mark vi. 56, Luke viii. 44; A. S. sceât; Engl. sheet; O. H. G. skoza; Germ. schoss; Dan. sköd]:—the sheet, i. e. the corner of a square cloth or other object; hann sá niðr síga dúk mikinn af himni með fjórum skautum, 656 C. 8 (Acts xi. 5); hann var borinn í fjórum skautum til búðar, Glúm. 395, Fbr. 95 new Ed.; var hann fluttr heim í fjórum skautum, Vígl. 24; feldr fimm álna í skaut, a cloak of five ells square, Korm. 86: of the heaven, þeir görðu þar af himinn ok settu hann yfir jörðina með fjórum skautum, with four ‘sheets,’ i. e. corners (east, west, north, south), Edda; whence himin-skaut, the airts, four quarters of the heavens; or heims-skaut, the poles, norðr-skaut or norðr-heims-skaut, the north pole; jarðar-skaut, the earth’s corner, outskirt of the earth, Edda (in a verse).
    2. the sheet, i. e. the rope fastened to the corner of a sail, by which it is let out or hauled close, N. G. L. ii. 283; þeir létu landit á bakborða ok létu skaut horfa á land, Fb. i. 431; skautin ok líkin, Hem. (Gr. H. Mind. ii. 662): the phrase, beggja skauta byrr, a fair wind (right astern), Bs. ii. 48, freq. in mod. usage.
    3. the skirt or sleeve of a garment; of a cloak, hann hafði rauða skikkju ok drepit upp skautunum, Fms. vii. 297, cp. Eb. 226; skikkju hlaðbúna í skaut niðr, Nj. 48, 169; hence, bera hlut í skaut, to throw the lot into the skirt of the cloak, Grág. i. 37, Eg. 347 (see hlutr; or is skaut here = a kerchief (skauti) tied together to make a purse?); ef fé liggr í skauti, Karl. 170: hann hafði und skauti sér leyniliga handöxi, Fms. x. 397: whence the phrases, hafa brögð undir skauti, of a cunning person (cp. hafa ráð undir hverju rifi), Bs. i. 730; hafa ráð und skauti, Sturl. i. 35 (in a verse); hann mun verða yðr þungr í skauti, heavy in the flap, hard to deal with, Fb. ii. 130: hence the bosom, Dan. skjöd (cp. Lat. sinus), hvern dag sitr hann ok liggr í hennar skauti, ok leikr sér, Mar.; Abrahams-skaut, Bible. A new-born infant used to be taken into the ‘skaut’ of his parents, and was thenceforth counted as legitimate; hence the phrases, sá maðr er borinn er skauta á meðal, skal taka slíkan rétt sem faðir hans hafði, N. G. L. i. 212: the same ceremony was also a token of adoption, þann mann skal leiða á rekks skaut ok rýgiar, 209; möttul-skaut, q. v.
    4. of a head-dress, a hood, thrown round the head with the ends hanging down; klæði með hettu ok mjófu skauti bak ok fyrir, Mar.; skaut eða húfu, Karl. 60; síðfaldin skaut á höfði … lyptir hón skautinu brott ór höfðinu, id.; haf þat þér fyrir skaut ok höfuð-dúk, Stj. 127; kasta af höfði þér skautum ok höfuð-dúk, 208; krúsat skaut, D. N. iv. 359, 363; skaut, höfuð-dúkr, 217; kvenna-skaut, Bs. ii. 358; hálsa-skaut, a ‘neck-sheet,’ the flap of the hood, Vtkv. 12 (in a riddle); Ránar skaut, poët. of the waves, Edda (in a verse).
    COMPDS: skautafaldr, skautasegl, skautasigling.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SKAUT

  • 95 STILLA

    * * *
    (-ta, -tr), v.
    1) to still, soothe, calm (Njörðr stillir sjá ok eld);
    stilla sik, to control oneself, keep control of one’s temper;
    stilla sonu okkura, to restrain our sons;
    2) to moderate, temper, with dat. (konungr var allreiðr ok stillti þó vel orðum sínum);
    3) to arrange, settle;
    vel er þessu í hóf stillt, this is very justly settled;
    stilla gørðinni, to moderate, regulate the arbitration;
    stilla til um e-t, to arrange (hversu þeir skyldi til stilla um ferðina);
    stilla svá til, at, to manage, that (nú skulum vér stilla svá til, at þeir nái eigi at renna);
    4) to tune an instrument (stilla hörpu, strengi);
    5) to walk with measure, noiseless steps (hann stillti at rekkjunni hljóðliga);
    6) to entrap, outwit (hann þykkist nú hafa stilltan þik mjök í þessu).
    * * *
    t, [A. S. stilljan; Engl. still; Dan. stille]:—to still, soothe, calm; Njörðr stillir sjá ok eld, Edda; stilla sik, to still oneself, keep down one’s wrath, Nj. 27, Fms. i. 15; hann var svá óðr at þeir fengu varla stillt hann, Fs. 38; s. skap sitt, 34; s. sonu okkra, to restrain them, Eg.
    2. to moderate, temper; stilla til mundangs-hófs, Sks. 778: with dat., svá stillti hann lífi sínu, at …, 655 iii. 4; stilltú vel aflinu, Nj. 32; s. afli þínu, Fms. vi. 105; s. lítt drykkjunni, Hkr. ii. 249; stilla orðum, Fms. vi. 323, vii. 158, Glúm. 338; s. röddu, Vkv.; vel er þessu í hóf stillt, Nj. 54; engi er svá snjallr, at svá kunni at s. sínu viti, at …, Flóv. 31; stilla görðinni, to moderate, regulate the arbitration, Nj. 54; nú, ef undir þik kæmi görðin, vil ek at þú stillir henni, Band, 9: s. til um e-t, to arrange; hversu þeir skyldi til stilla um ferðina, Fms. i. 163; skulu vér s. svá til, at …, Eg. 582, Fs. 29; hann stillir svá til um róðrinn, Gullþn 70; stilltu þau Ásgerðr um, watched the opportunity, 702; Guð stillti honum til lausnar, Fms. x. 391; Fjölni þótti nú ofraðar-vel um stillt, xi. 47; stilla til friðar, to make peace, conciliate.
    3. to tune an instrument; stilla hörpu, stilla strengi, Bs. i. 155.
    II. to walk with measured, noiseless steps; hvert stillir þú, Halli (?) … Hleyp ek fram at skyrkaupum, Fms. vi. 363; ok stillti næsta Brúna, Skíða R. 163; fékk hón síðan lurk, ok stillti at selnum, Bs. i. 335; hann stillti at rekkjunni hljóðliga, Grett. 126 new Ed.; þeir stilltu at steininum, Fms. viii. 343; þá stillti Davíð til, ok skar nokkut svá af kyrtil-blaði Sauls konungs, Stj. 718. 1 Sam. xxiv. 4; hann stillir nú fram tré undan tré, Karl. 67.
    2. to entrap; hann þykkisk nú hafa. stilltan þik mjök í þessu, Fms. xi. 113; vér stilltum svá til glæps, Sighvat; nú kveð ek her stilltan, led into a trap, entrapped, Fms. vi. 420 (in a verse).
    III. part. stilltr, q. v.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > STILLA

  • 96 af-þokka

    að, in the phrase, a. e-t fyrir e-m, to throw discredit on, run down, set against, Fms. ii. 145; hann útti fátt við jarl, en afþokkaði heldr fyrir þeim fyrir öðrum mönnum, he had little to do with the earl, but rather ran them down before other men, Orkn. 378.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > af-þokka

  • 97 BÓK

    * * *
    (gen. bókar and bœkr; pl. bœkr), f.
    1) beech, beechtree;
    2) poet. textile fabric with figures woven in it (bœkr þínar enar bláhvítu);
    3) book;
    lesa á bók, to read a book;
    rita á bók, setja á bœkr, to set down in writing, to put on record;
    kunna (festa) et útan bókar, to know (to get) by heart;
    heilög bók, the divine book, the bible;
    4) the gospel (vinna eið at bók; cf. bókareiðr);
    5) Latin kenna em á bók, to teach one Latin;
    nema á bók, to learn Latin;
    setja en til bókar, to put one to school (in order to make him a priest);
    hann heitir á bók ( in Latin) Jaskonius;
    svá segir (er sagt) í bókum (in Latin books);
    6) lawbook, code of law (lögbók, Jónsbók).
    * * *
    1.
    ar, f. [Lat. fāgus; Gr. φηγός; A. S. bôc; Engl. beech; Germ. buche (fem.); Swed. bok; Dan. böge, etc.]:—a beech, Edda (Gl.), Lex. Poët. Owing to the absence of trees in Icel., the word rarely occurs; moreover the collect. beyki, n., is more freq.
    2.
    gen. bókar, but also in old writers bækr, pl. bækr, [Ulf. renders by bôca the Gr. βίβλος, γράμματα, επιστολή, etc.; A. S. bôc; Engl. book; Germ. buch (neut.); Swed. bok; Dan. bog: the identity between bók fāgus and bók liber seems certain; the gender is in all Scandinavian idioms the same; modern German has made a distinction in using buche fem., buch neut.; both are akin to the Gr.-Lat. fāgus, φηγός; cp. also the analogy with Gr. βίβλος and Lat. liber ( book and bark): bók-stafr also properly means a beech-twig, and then a letter. In old times, before the invention of parchment, the bark of trees was used for writing on]:—a book.
    I. the earliest notion, however, of a ‘book’ in Scandin. is that of a precious stuff, a textile fabric with figures, or perhaps characters, woven in it; it occurs three or four times in old poems in this sense; bók ok blæja, bjartar váðir, Skv. 3. 47; bækr (bekr) þínar enar bláhvítu ofnar völundum (of bed-sheets?), Hðm. 7, Gh. 4: bók-rúnar, Sdm. 19, may refer to this; or is it = runes engraven on beech-wood?
    II. a book in the proper sense. Icel. say, rita and setja saman bók (sögu), to write and compose a book ( story); old writers prefer saying, rita ‘á’ bók (dat. or acc.) instead of ‘í,’ perhaps bearing in mind that the earliest writings were on scrolls, or even on stones or wooden slabs—barbara fraxineis pingatur runa tabellis; they also prefer to use the plur. instead of sing. without regard to volumes (as in Engl. writings); það finst ritað á bókum, Fms. i. 157; á bókum Ara prests hins Fróða, iii. 106; historia ecclesiarum á tveim (sjau) bókum, Dipl. v. 18; á bókum er sagt, Landn. (pref.); á bókum Enskum, id.; á bók þessi (acc.) lét ek rita fornar frásagnir, Hkr. (pref.); but svá segir í bók þeirri sem Edda heitir, Skálda 222; þá hluti sem frammi standa í bók þessi, 159; svá sem hann (viz. Ari) hefir sjálfr ritað í sínum bókum, Ó. H. 188; þeir er Styrmir reiknar í sinni bók, Fb. ii. 68; hér fyrr í bókinni.
    III. a book, i. e. a story, history (Saga), since in Icel. histories were the favourite books; cp. Íslendinga-bók, Konunga-bók, bók Styrmis; Landnáma-bók; bækr þær er Snorri setti saman, Sturl. ii. 123. It is used of the Gospel in the law phrases, sem búar virða við bók, vinna eið at bók (bókar-eiðr), of a verdict given or an oath taken by laying the hand upon the Gospel, Grág. (Þ. Þ.) several times; as the Engl. phrase ‘to swear on the book’ is common; of a code (of law) = Jóns-bók, after A. D. 1272 or 1281, Bs. i. 720, 723, vide Ann. those years; hafa bók even means to hold the book, i. e. to hold the office of lögmaðr (law-man, judge); Þórðr Narfa son hafði bók, Ann. (Hol.) A. D. 1304; á bókarinnar vegna, on the part of the book, i. e. the law, D. N. ii. 492. Mod. phrases: skrifa, rita, semja bók, to write it; lesa í bók, to read it; but syngja á bók, to sing from a book; fletta bók, to turn over the leaves; líta, blaða, í bók, to peruse, look into a book (hann lítr aldrei í bók, he never looks into a book); lesa bók ofan í kjölinn, to read a book carefully, v. lesa bók spjaldanna í milli, to read it from end to end:—sálma-bók, flokka-bók, a hymn-book; kvæða-bók, ljóða-bók, a book of poems; sögu-bók, of histories; lög-bók, of laws; Guðs orða-bók, God’s word-book, a religious book:—also of MSS., Flateyjar-bók (Cod. Flateyensis), Orms-bók, Uppsala-bók, Konungs-bók, Staðarfells-bók, Skálholts-bók, etc.:—phrases relating to books: það er allt á eina bókina lært, all learnt from the same book, i. e. all of one piece (esp. denoting one-sidedness); blindr er bóklauss maðr, blind is a bookless man; læra utan-bókar, to learn without book, by heart; bókvit, ‘bookwit,’ knowledge got from books; mannvit, mother-wit, common sense; allra manna vit er minna en þeirra er af bókum taka mannvit sitt, Sks. 22:—also, setja e-n til bækr, to set one to book, i. e. put one to school in order to make him priest; berja e-n til bækr, to thrash one to the book, i. e. into learning, Bs. i; a book has spjöld, boards; kjöl, keel, back; snið, cut; brot, size.
    COMPDS: bókagull, bókagörð, bókakista, bókalectari, bókalist, bókarblað, bókarbót, bókareiðr, bókareiðstafr, bókarlag, bókarskeyting, bókarskrá, bókarstóll, bókartak, bókarvitni, bókaskápr, bókasteinn, bókastokkr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > BÓK

  • 98 dafla

    (að), v. to dabble (splash) with the oars (þú skalt dafla í árum).
    * * *
    að, and damla, with dat. to dabble with the oar, up and down, metaph. from churning, Krók. 59 C. damla, u, f., is used of a small roll of butter just taken from the churn, það er ekki fyrsta damlan sem þú færð, Brúnn, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 124.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > dafla

  • 99 fella

    * * *
    I)
    (-da, -dr), v.
    1) to fell, make fall; fella víð, to fell timber; fella segl, to take down sails;
    2) to kill, slay (in battle); fella e-n frá landi, to slay or dethrone (a king); fella fénað sinn, to lose one’s sheep or cattle from cold or hunger;
    3) to cause to cease, abolish (fella blót ok blótdrykkjur); fella rœðu sína, to close one’s speech; fella niðr, to put an end to, abandon, give up (fella niðr þann átrúnað);
    4) fella heitstrenging á sik, to bring down on one’s head the curse of a broken vow;
    5) to tongue and groove, to fit; fella stokk á horn, to put a board on the horns of a savage bull;
    6) fig., fella ást (hug) til e-s, to turn one’s mind (love) towards one, to fall in love with; fella bœn at e-m, to address prayer to one, to beg of one; fella sik við e-t, to fit oneself to a thing: fella sik mjök við umrœðuna, to take a warm parl in the debate.
    f.
    1) framework, a framed board;
    * * *
    u, f. [Engl. falling], framework, a framed board, Fas. i. 393.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > fella

  • 100 HÖGG

    * * *
    (dat. höggvi), n.
    1) stroke, blow; ljósta h. á dyrr, to knock at the door; skamma stund verðr hönd höggvi fegin, only a short while is the hand fain of the blow; eigi fellr tré við hit fyrsta h., no tree falls at the first stroke;
    2) beheading, execution (leiða e-n til höggs);
    3) fig. gap, breach (kom þá fljótt h. í liðit).
    * * *
    n., old dat. höggvi, Ó. H. 184, Fms. vii. 230, Nj. passim; gen. pl. höggva; [Shetl. huggie; Scot. hag; Dan. hug; Swed. hugg; cp. the verb höggva]:—a stroke, blow, esp. a stroke with an edged weapon, but also with a blunt one, Fms. vii. 191, 230, 297; laust hann selinn í svíma et fyrsta högg, Bs. i. 342; ljósta högg á dyr, to knock, Fs. 131, Nj. 28; í einu höggvi, of throwing a stone, Edda 72; högg loptsins, Skálda 174: sayings, skamma stund verðr hönd höggvi fegin, Nj. 64, 155, 213; eigi fellr tré við it fyrsta högg, Nj. 163, 224; eiga í höggvi við e-n, to have a quarrel, come to blows with a person; það sér ekki högg á vatni, a stroke in water is not seen, leaves no mark, of efforts without effect.
    2. slaughter, a beheading; leiddr til höggs, Grett. 85, Karl. 518, Clem. 58; dæma e-n til höggs, Blas. 49; slaughter of cattle, yxn er hann ætlaði til höggs, Eg. 181; strand-högg, q. v.
    3. a hewing down of trees, Dan. hugst, Grág. ii. 297; skógar-högg, 292; högg ok höfn, D. N.: a gap, kom þá skjótt högg í liðit, Fms. ix. 305.
    4. of an instrument; þela-högg, q. v.; saum-högg, q. v.; fjal-högg, a chopping-block.
    5. a ravine or a cut-like gap in a mountain. höggva-skipti, -viðskipti, n. exchange of blows, Fms. i. 38, v. 165, Eg. 581, Korm. 212, Fs. 48.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HÖGG

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